A similarly designed study by Mardjekto et al . found that a concomitant spinal arthrodesis ( fusion ) had a greater success rate.
2.
As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMPs ) appear to improve fusion rates after spinal arthrodesis in both animal models and humans, while reducing the donor-site morbidity previously associated with such procedures.